Doppler wind lidar
type: Concept
description: Light detection and ranging (lidar) with Doppler capability (direct and coherent mode), typically used for measurements of winds.
notation: 142

Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS)
type: Concept
notation: 313

Flow injection analyzer (FIA)
type: Concept
notation: 121

Filter sampling + extraction + other
type: Concept
notation: 284

Bimetallic actinograph
type: Concept
notation: 263

Cup anemometer (3 or 4 cups)
type: Concept
notation: 96

Twomey static thermal diffusion chamber
type: Concept
notation: 242

Beta counting
type: Concept
notation: 75

Mass Spectrometry (MS) [general]
type: Concept
notation: 221

Potassium iodide (KI) method
type: Concept
notation: 171

High spectral resolution (HSR) lidar
type: Concept
description: Light detection and ranging (lidar) with high spectral resolution capability, typically used for measurements of cloud and aerosol particle phase properties, ocean properties, and mixed layer height.
notation: 342

Microbarometer (dewar)
type: Concept
notation: 150

Differential optical absorption (DOAS)
type: Concept
notation: 321

GC-ECD-MS
type: Concept
notation: 300

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
type: Concept
notation: 129

Eddy accumulation method
type: Concept
notation: 108

Monitor for AeRosols and GAses (MARGA) Metrohm
type: Concept
notation: 292

Colorimetry (ANSA)
type: Concept
notation: 271

Thin film capacitance
type: Concept
notation: 250

Capillary electrophoresis (CE)
type: Concept
notation: 83

Light scattering
type: Concept
notation: 229

Adsorption - scintillation counting
type: Concept
notation: 62

Transport modeling (model unspecified)
type: Concept
notation: 208

inapplicable
type: Concept
description: None of the codes in the table are applicable in the context of this particular observation.
notation: inapplicable

Pyranometer (measurement of IR radiation)
type: Concept
notation: 179

NILU_O_3
type: Concept
notation: 158

Radiosonde with radiotheodolite tracking
type: Concept
notation: 329

Ion Chromatography (IC) [general]
type: Concept
notation: 137

Laser induced fluorescence (LIF)
type: Concept
notation: 308

Filter sampling + gamma spectrometry
type: Concept
notation: 116

Filter sampling (analytical method unspecified)
type: Concept
notation: 279

Electrical aspiration (Frankenberger type)
type: Concept
notation: 258

Colorimetry (thorin)
type: Concept
notation: 91

Electrostatic classifier
type: Concept
notation: 237

Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS)
type: Concept
notation: 70

Ozone sonde (unspecified)
type: Concept
notation: 166

Long path absorption photometry (LOPAP)
type: Concept
notation: 316

Disjunct eddy covariance method
type: Concept
notation: 103

Catalytic conversion 'Au' - CL
type: Concept
notation: 287

Pyranometer (global solar, broadband)
type: Concept
notation: 266

Denuder
type: Concept
notation: 99

Brewer
type: Concept
notation: 78

Ceilometer
type: Concept
notation: 245

Contrast-evaluating and scanning devices
type: Concept
description: Sunshine duration is determined by combining multi-sensor detectors with an electronic discriminator.
notation: 416

Particle soot absorption photometry (PSAP)
type: Concept
notation: 224

Sonic thermometer
type: Concept
notation: 195

Pressure balance (piston)
type: Concept
notation: 174

GC-TCD
type: Concept
description: Gas chromatography and detection by a thermal conductivity detector.
notation: 345

Microtops
type: Concept
notation: 153

Hypsometer (water boiling point)
type: Concept
notation: 132

GC-MS
type: Concept
notation: 303

Electronic pressure transducer (silicon diaphragm)
type: Concept
notation: 111

UV fluorescence
type: Concept
notation: 295

Colorimetry (mercury thiocyanate+iron alum)
type: Concept
notation: 274

Hair hygrometer-hygrograph
type: Concept
notation: 253

Condensation particle counter (CPC)
type: Concept
notation: 232

Anemometer [general]
type: Concept
notation: 65

Volumetric measurement
type: Concept
notation: 211

Radio acoustic sounding system (RASS)
type: Concept
notation: 182

Pilot balloon with optical tracking)
type: Concept
notation: 332

Quantum cascade laser (QCL) spectroscopy
type: Concept
notation: 311

Flame-ionization detector (FID)
type: Concept
notation: 119

Filter sampling + combustion + other
type: Concept
notation: 282

Gradiated pole
type: Concept
notation: 261

Conductometry
type: Concept
notation: 94

Optical particle counter (OPC)
type: Concept
notation: 240

Barometer, mercury column
type: Concept
notation: 73

Filter + beta attenuation (betameter, beta gauge)
type: Concept
notation: 219

Scatterometer
type: Concept
description: Visual range is calculated by measuring the return of light beam scattered by diffusion in air.
notation: 190

Wet-bulb thermometer
type: Concept
description: A thermometer having a bulb that is kept moistened when humidity determinations are being made with a psychrometer. The wet-bulb temperature is the temperature a parcel of air would have if it were cooled to saturation (100% relative humidity) by the evaporation of water into it, with the latent heat being supplied by the parcel.
notation: 340

UV absorption spectrometry-radiometry
type: Concept
notation: 319

Gravimetry [general]
type: Concept
notation: 127

Dobson
type: Concept
notation: 106

Chemiluminescence (CL) [general]
type: Concept
notation: 290

Lidar for temperature observations
type: Concept
description: Light detection and ranging (Lidar) profiler for temperature measurements
notation: 269

Hysplit (trajectory modeling)
type: Concept
notation: 248

Aerodynamic particle sizing spectrometer (APS)
type: Concept
notation: 227

(Ultra)sonic anemometer
type: Concept
notation: 60

Sunshine duration
type: Concept
notation: 198

Propeller anemometer
type: Concept
notation: 177

Radionuclide decay counting [general]
type: Concept
description: Determination of the counts measured per unit time as a result of radionuclide decay.
notation: 348

Microwave radiometry
type: Concept
notation: 156

Radiosonde with NAVAID
type: Concept
notation: 327

Indian Sonde
type: Concept
notation: 135

Cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS)
type: Concept
notation: 306

Faraday cup photochemistry
type: Concept
notation: 114

GC-ECD
type: Concept
notation: 298

Colorimetry (sodium salicylate method for nitrate)
type: Concept
notation: 277

Optical hygrometer
type: Concept
notation: 256

Diffusion battery
type: Concept
notation: 235

Atmometer
type: Concept
notation: 68

Wind sock (textile tube)
type: Concept
notation: 214

Radiochemical Methods [general]
type: Concept
notation: 185

Differential absorption lidar (DIAL)
type: Concept
description: Light detection and ranging (lidar) with differential absorption lidar (DIAL) capability, typically used for trace gas measurements, most notably ozone and water vapor. This technique can be extended to molecules which have suitably defined differential absorption characteristics.
notation: 335

Raman lidar
type: Concept
description: Light detection and ranging (lidar) with Raman capability, typically used for measurements of aerosol particle phase and cloud measurements as well as water vapor and temperature.
notation: 143

IR spectrometry-radiometry [general]
type: Concept
notation: 314

Filter sampling + gravimetry
type: Concept
notation: 285

Pyrheliometer (direct solar, broadband)
type: Concept
notation: 264

Cuvette
type: Concept
notation: 97

Fog collection
type: Concept
description: Collection of fog using a mesh or similar capturing device and subsequent determination of the equivalent volume or mass of water.
notation: 414

Bimetal thermometer
type: Concept
notation: 76

Monitor for AeRosols and GAses (MARGA)
type: Concept
notation: 222

Thermocouple, thermopile
type: Concept
notation: 201

Potentiometry (ion-selective electrode)
type: Concept
notation: 172

Polarized lidar
type: Concept
description: Light detection and ranging (lidar) capable of determining the linear or circular depolarization ratio, typically used to discriminate spherical and non-spherical particles.
notation: 343

Microtops
type: Concept
notation: 151

Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR)
type: Concept
notation: 322

Hot wire anemometer
type: Concept
notation: 130

GC-FID
type: Concept
notation: 301

Eddy covariance method
type: Concept
notation: 109

Filter sampling + photo multiplier tube (PMT)
type: Concept
notation: 293

Colorimetry (Griess)
type: Concept
notation: 272

Chilled mirror
type: Concept
notation: 251

Carbon-Iodine Sonde (KC Sonde)
type: Concept
notation: 84

Nephelometry, integrating
type: Concept
notation: 230

Aerovane (wind vane with propeller)
type: Concept
notation: 63

Turbidity measurement
type: Concept
notation: 209

Pyrradiometer (total global, UV+IR)
type: Concept
notation: 180

Radiosonde with composite method tracking
type: Concept
notation: 330

Laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS)
type: Concept
notation: 309

Adsorption tube (charcoal) + elution + GC
type: Concept
notation: 280

Mechanical aspiration
type: Concept
notation: 259

Atomic emission spectrophotometry (AES)
type: Concept
notation: 71

Multiangle absorption photometry (MAAP)
type: Concept
notation: 238

Aerodyne mass spectrometer (AMS)
type: Concept
notation: 217

Resistance thermometer, thermistor
type: Concept
notation: 188

Passive Samplers [general]
type: Concept
notation: 167

Tunable diode lase spectroscopy (TDLS)
type: Concept
description: Tunable diode lase spectroscopy (TDLS)
notation: 338

Lysimeter
type: Concept
notation: 146

Non-dispersive IR (NDIR) absorption
type: Concept
notation: 317

Gradient method
type: Concept
notation: 125

Catalytic conversion 'Fe' - CL
type: Concept
notation: 288

Spectral pyranometer
type: Concept
notation: 267

Brewer-GDR
type: Concept
notation: 79

Flexpart (dispersion modeling)
type: Concept
notation: 246

GC-CVAFS
type: Concept
description: Gas chromatography and detection by cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry.
notation: 417

Thermo-optical analyzer (Sunset Labs)
type: Concept
notation: 225

(Optical) filter Instrument
type: Concept
notation: 58

Tipping bucket rain gauge (totalizer)
type: Concept
notation: 204

Sound detection and ranging (Sodar) profiler
type: Concept
notation: 196

Pressure plate (solid blade)
type: Concept
notation: 175

Electrostatic collection + alpha counting
type: Concept
description: Alpha counting after electrostatic collection of measurand.
notation: 346

Microwave profiler
type: Concept
notation: 154

Magnetron
type: Concept
notation: 325

ICP-AES
type: Concept
notation: 133

H2O2 conversion - IC
type: Concept
notation: 304

Estimation from visual observation
type: Concept
notation: 112

Vacuum UV fluorescence
type: Concept
notation: 296

Colorimetry (NEDA)
type: Concept
notation: 275

Hygrometer [general]
type: Concept
notation: 254

Colorimetric titration (Gran method)
type: Concept
notation: 87

Continuous gravimetry
type: Concept
notation: 233

Aneroid barometer (evacuated capsule)
type: Concept
notation: 66

Weighing type rain gauge (totalizer)
type: Concept
notation: 212

Human observation
type: Concept
description: Observation of clouds from the Earth's surface by a human observer (ref: https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/en/observation-of-clouds-from-the-earths-surface.html)
notation: 24

Radio detection and ranging (Radar)
type: Concept
notation: 183

Chemical ionization MS (CIMS) with matrix isolation
type: Concept
notation: 312

Flask sampling (analytical method unspecified)
type: Concept
notation: 120

Filter sampling + extraction + IC
type: Concept
notation: 283

Measurement/observing method (atmosphere)
type: Register
type: Container
type: Collection
description: Measurement/observing method (atmosphere)
modified: 2024-01-02T17:12:40.983Z
version info: 17
member: Potentiometry (pH meter)
member: Radiosonde with radar tracking
member: Passive Samplers [general]
member: Barometer, mercury column
member: Volumetric measurement
member: Electrostatic collection + alpha counting
member: Radio detection and ranging (Radar)
member: Alpha counting
member: Thermometer-Thermoelement
member: Colorimetry (thorin)
member: Optical particle counter (OPC)
member: Twomey static thermal diffusion chamber
member: Differential mobility particle sizer (DMA, DMPS)
member: Pyranometer (measurement of IR radiation)
member: Particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE)
member: Sonic thermometer
member: Bowen-ratio method
member: Electronic pressure transducer (silicon diaphragm)
member: Brewer-GDR
member: Wind vane (solid blade)
member: SAOZ (UV-vis diode array spectrometer)
member: IR absorption hygrometer
member: Cup anemometer
member: Flexpart (dispersion modeling)
member: Flow injection analyzer (FIA)
member: Backscatter lidar
member: Chemiluminescence (CL) [general]
member: Aerodynamic particle sizing spectrometer (APS)
member: Disdrometer (drop spectrographs)
member: Spectral pyranometer
member: Filter sampling + combustion + IC
member: Filter + beta attenuation (betameter, beta gauge)
member: Denuder
member: Colorimetry (indophenol, Bertholet)
member: ICP-AES
member: Electrostatic classifier
member: Gradient method
member: Quantum cascade laser (QCL) spectroscopy
member: GC-MS
member: Microbarometer (dewar)
member: Faraday cup photochemistry
member: Doppler wind lidar
member: Scatterometer
member: Dobson
member: Fluorescence [general]
member: Liquid-in-glass thermometer (mercury-free)
member: TCCON Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (TCCON-FTIR)
member: Filter sampling + gravimetry
member: Lagranto (trajectory modeling)
member: Ion Chromatography (IC) [general]
member: Light absorption photometry
member: Integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS)
member: GC-CVAFS
member: Microwave radiometry
member: Radio acoustic sounding system (RASS)
member: Adsorption - scintillation counting
member: Differential absorption lidar (DIAL)
member: Potentiometry (ion-selective electrode)
member: Radiosonde with NAVAID
member: Brewer-Mast Sonde
member: Nephelometry, integrating
member: Condensation particle counter (CPC)
member: BSRN compliant instrument
member: UV absorption spectrometry-radiometry
member: Radionuclide decay counting [general]
member: Radiochemical Methods [general]
member: Atmometer
member: Aneroid barometer (evacuated capsule)
member: Tipping bucket rain gauge (totalizer)
member: UV spectroradiometry
member: Sun-tracking photometry
member: Carbon-Iodine Sonde (KC Sonde)
member: (Ultra)sonic ranger

Snow pillow
type: Concept
notation: 262

Cup anemometer
type: Concept
notation: 95

Scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS)
type: Concept
notation: 241

Barometer, mercury-free column
type: Concept
notation: 74

Filter + light attenuation (aethalometer)
type: Concept
notation: 220

Separation + manometric determination
type: Concept
notation: 191

Pluviograph
type: Concept
notation: 170

Backscatter lidar
type: Concept
description: Elastic backscatter light detection and ranging (lidar) typically used for measurements of cloud and aerosol particle phase optical properties (e.g., extinction and backscatter coefficient), altimetry, ocean optical properties, and mixed layer height.
notation: 341

Mercury-in-glass thermometer
type: Concept
notation: 149

Integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar
type: Concept
description: Light detection and ranging (lidar) with integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) capability, typically used for column measurements of CH4 and CO2.
notation: 320

ECC Sonde
type: Concept
notation: 107

Photolytic conversion - CL
type: Concept
notation: 291

Tetrachloromercurate (TCM) absorption - CL
type: Concept
notation: 270

Capacitive rain sensor
type: Concept
notation: 82

Lagranto (trajectory modeling)
type: Concept
notation: 249

Aerosol backscatter sonde
type: Concept
notation: 228

Transmissometer
type: Concept
description: Visual range is calculated by measuring the extinction coefficient of a beam of energy sent through a volume of air.
notation: 207

Surface chamber
type: Concept
notation: 199

IR-GFC
type: Concept
description: Infrared absorption measurement based on the gas-filter correlation technique, a specifique variant of NDIR.
notation: 349

NILU_O_2
type: Concept
notation: 157

Radiosonde with radar tracking
type: Concept
notation: 328

Interferential method
type: Concept
notation: 136

Integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS)
type: Concept
notation: 307

Filter sampling + alpha counting
type: Concept
notation: 115

GC-ECD-FID
type: Concept
notation: 299

Colorimetry [general]
type: Concept
notation: 278

Colorimetry (Saltzman)
type: Concept
notation: 90

UV fluorescence-based hygrometer (Lyman-α)
type: Concept
description: Detection of UV fluorescence signal emitted by the excited OH radical produced from H2O after dissociation using UV light.
notation: 257

Electric mobility [general]
type: Concept
notation: 236

Atmospherics ('sferics') detection
type: Concept
notation: 69

Wind vane (solid blade)
type: Concept
notation: 215

Regener Sonde (chemiluminescence)
type: Concept
notation: 186

Measurement/observing method (atmosphere)
type: RegisterItem
date accepted: 2020-04-29T14:36:18.332Z
date submitted: 2019-10-14T16:36:37.538Z
description: Measurement/observing method (atmosphere)
modified: 2019-11-21T09:06:25.172Z
definition:
  entity: Measurement/observing method (atmosphere)
  entity version: ObservingMethodAtmosphere:2
item class: Register
item class: Collection
item class: Container
notation: ObservingMethodAtmosphere
register: wmdr
status: statusStable
submitter: kurt-hectic
  account name: https://api.github.com/users/kurt-hectic
version info: 3

Microwave radiometry
type: Concept
notation: 336

Liquid-in-glass thermometer (mercury-free)
type: Concept
notation: 144

Light absorption photometry
type: Concept
notation: 315

Flux variance method
type: Concept
notation: 123

Disdrometer (drop spectrographs)
type: Concept
notation: 102

Impregnated filter
type: Concept
notation: 286

Pyrgeometer (global, infrared)
type: Concept
notation: 265

Denuder
type: Concept
notation: 98

Bowen-ratio method
type: Concept
notation: 77

Sun-tracking photometry
type: Concept
notation: 244

Campbell-Stokes burn method
type: Concept
description: Sunshine duration is determined by evaluating the burnt areas imprinted by the sun in a strip of carton or aluminum foil placed behind a glass sphere.
notation: 415

Particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE)
type: Concept
notation: 223

Thermometer-Thermoelement
type: Concept
notation: 202

Potentiometry (pH meter)
type: Concept
notation: 173

GC-CVAFS
type: Concept
description: Gas chromatography and detection by cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry.
notation: 344

Microtops
type: Concept
notation: 152

TCCON Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (TCCON-FTIR)
type: Concept
notation: 323

GC-HgO reduction-UV absorption
type: Concept
notation: 302

Electric conductivity (EC meter)
type: Concept
notation: 110

Fluorescence [general]
type: Concept
notation: 294

Colorimetry (indophenol, Bertholet)
type: Concept
notation: 273

Lithium chloride (LiCl)
type: Concept
notation: 252

Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) counter
type: Concept
notation: 231

Alpha counting
type: Concept
notation: 64

Umkehr method
type: Concept
notation: 210

Radio acoustic sounding system (RASS)
type: Concept
notation: 181

Radiosonde (tracking unspecified)
type: Concept
notation: 331

Laser spectroscopy [general]
type: Concept
notation: 310

Filter sampling + combustion + IC
type: Concept
notation: 281

(Ultra)sonic ranger
type: Concept
notation: 260

BSRN compliant instrument
type: Concept
notation: 72

Multistage impactor
type: Concept
notation: 239

EUSAAR protocol
type: Concept
notation: 218

SAOZ (UV-vis diode array spectrometer)
type: Concept
notation: 189

Photoacoustic detection
type: Concept
notation: 168

UV spectroradiometry
type: Concept
notation: 339

Mass balance method
type: Concept
notation: 147

Non-dispersive UV (NDUV)
type: Concept
notation: 318

Dissipation method
type: Concept
notation: 105

Catalytic conversion 'Mb' - CL
type: Concept
notation: 289

UV-vis spectrometry-radiometry
type: Concept
notation: 268

Brewer-Mast Sonde
type: Concept
notation: 80

Flextra (trajectory modeling)
type: Concept
notation: 247

GC-TCD
type: Concept
description: Gas chromatography and detection by a thermal conductivity detector.
notation: 418

X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
type: Concept
notation: 226

(Ruler for) rain gauge
type: Concept
notation: 59

Titration
type: Concept
notation: 205

Sunphotometry-Filter Radiometry
type: Concept
notation: 197

Pressure tube
type: Concept
notation: 176

Tunable Infrared Laser Differential Absorption Spectroscopy (TILDAS)
type: Concept
description: Tunable Infrared Laser Differential Absorption Spectroscopy (TILDAS).
notation: 347

Microwave radiometry
type: Concept
notation: 155

Klystron
type: Concept
notation: 326

ICP-MS
type: Concept
notation: 134

Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS)
type: Concept
notation: 305

Evaporation pan and-or tank
type: Concept
notation: 113

Gas Chromatography (GC) [general]
type: Concept
notation: 297

Colorimetry (Nessler, K2HgI4)
type: Concept
notation: 276

unknown
type: Concept
description: The measurement/observing method is unknown.
notation: unknown

IR absorption hygrometer
type: Concept
notation: 255

Colorimetric titration [general]
type: Concept
notation: 88

Differential mobility particle sizer (DMA, DMPS)
type: Concept
notation: 234

Anion exchange membrane (AEM)
type: Concept
notation: 67

Wet Chemical Methods [general]
type: Concept
notation: 213

Radio detection and ranging (Radar) profiler
type: Concept
notation: 184